Sla Theories Essays

Sla Theories Essays Sla Theories Essay Sla Theories Essay Scholars place various qualities on the job of collaboration in second language obtaining (SLA). Krashen’s (1985, 1994) hypothesis turned into a dominating impact in both second language showing practice and later speculations. Krashen proposes that SLA is controlled by the measure of intelligible information, that is, single direction contribution to the second language that is both reasonable and at the level just past the current phonetic fitness of students. Like Vygotsky’s â€Å"zone of proximal development† (1962), Krashen’s platform hypothesis is alluded to as i+1. Seen as an innatist point of view, this hypothesis keeps up that a subsequent language is obtained unknowingly in a way like the procurement of a first language. As indicated by Krashen (1996), getting language is predicated upon the idea of accepting messages students can comprehend (1996). Instructors can make language input understandable through an assortment of procedures, for example, etymological disentanglement, and the utilization of realia, visuals, pictures, realistic coordinators, and other current ESOL techniques. While Krashen (1994) accepts that only single direction understandable info is required for SLA, others take an interactionist position recognizing the job of two-way correspondence. Pica (1994), Long (1985), and others attest that conversational association encourages SLA under specific conditions. As indicated by Lightbrown and Spada (1999), â€Å"When students are allowed the chance to participate in significant exercises they are constrained to ‘negotiate for meaning,’ that is, to communicate and explain their aims, contemplations, sentiments, and so on in a way which licenses them to show up at a shared comprehension. This is particularly obvious when the students are cooperating to achieve a specific objective . . . â€Å"(p. 122). Pica (1994) proceeds to state that exchange is characterized as â€Å"modification and rebuilding that happens when students and their questioners envision, see, or experience troubles in message comprehensibility† (p. 495). An assortment of alterations, which may include etymological rearrangements just as conversational adjustments, for example, reiteration, explanation, and adaptation checks, might be utilized to increase understanding. The connection speculation of Long and Robinson (as refered to in Blake, 2000) proposes that when importance is arranged, input conceivability is generally expanded and students will in general spotlight on striking etymological highlights. Discernment of these language structures and structures is viewed as helpful to SLA. Other nteractionist scholars apply Vygotsky’s socio-social hypothesis of human mental handling to characterize the job of cooperation in SLA (Lightbrown and Spada, 1999) and theorize that second language students gain capability when they communicate with further developed speakers of the language, for instance, instructors and friends. Platform structures, for example, demonstrating, reiteration, and semantic rearrangements utilized by progr essively capable speakers are accepted to offer help to students, along these lines empowering them to work inside their zones of proximal turn of events (Vygotsky, 1962). In spite of the fact that scholars holding fast to interactionist thought consider both contribution to, and contribution from, the student as significant, yield is frequently seen as auxiliary. Notwithstanding, Swain (1995) in her â€Å"comprehensible yield hypothesis† affirms that yield is additionally basic and theorizes that it serves four essential capacities in SLA: 1) upgrades familiarity; 2) makes consciousness of language information holes; 3) gives chances to test language structures and structures; and 4) acquires criticism from others about language use. Conceivable yield helps students in passing on significance while giving phonetic difficulties; that is, â€Å". . . in creating the L2 (the second, or target language), a student will once in a while become mindful of (I. e. , notice) an etymological issue (brought to his/her consideration either by outside input or interior criticism). Seeing an issue ‘pushes’ the student to change his/her yield. In doing as such, the student may some of the time be constrained into a more syntactic preparing mode than might happen in comprehension† (Swain and Lapkin in Chapelle, 1997, p. b). From this point of view, conceivable yield assumes a significant job in communication. In outline, interactionists expound upon the innatist idea of fathomable information clarifying that connection, developed through trades of conceivable information and yield, has at any rate an improving impact when importance is arranged and bolster structures are utilized. In view of this reason, separ ation second language learning courses ought to be intended to give cooperation that incorporates exchange of importance where understandable yield results from input.

How To Be A Human Being by Glass Animals free essay sample

The collection â€Å"how to be a human being† is the outside the box band, Glass Animals second collection. The collection contains eleven melodies. The most intriguing piece of this collection is that every melody is around one of the characters envisioned on the collection spread. For instance the melody â€Å"Season 2 scene 3† is about the young lady with light hair and a blue sweatshirt. Other than the inventiveness with the collection spread, every tune is particular in its own specific manner. The entirety of the tunes are totally unique, yet playful for the most part.The utilization of drums and electronic sounds gives the music a cool vibe that causes you to feel so great when tuning in to it. Not exclusively does the music sound incredible, it likewise has some entirely fascinating verses. The tune â€Å"Pork Soda† has the primary theme with the verses ‘pineapples are in my head’. Lead artist of the band Dave Bayley said that he caught a vag rant state that one day and it simply stayed with him. We will compose a custom exposition test on The most effective method to Be A Human Being by Glass Animals or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Likewise, in that sound he utilized basins and things to seem like road drumming. It’s the imagination like what made this collection so one of a kind and not at all like anything I’ve heard in for a little while. Every melody is a story that is so intriguing to hear, you’ll have the entire collection on rehash for a considerable length of time.

Problems Of The Beginning Writer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issues Of The Beginning Writer - Essay Example Expounding on my displeasure didn't offer enough an ideal opportunity for my learning since I would not have sufficient opportunity to communicate thoughts. There was nobody who might stop by to help my craving to create. This condition implied that my proficiency abilities neglected to create in light of the fact that the family condition denied me the open door I expected to create them through involvement in books and through amendment. I found the significance of these aptitudes throughout my life yet tragically I had no spot or devices to encourage the advancement skill in the language. In my young adulthood, I began to build up my language education abilities yet ordinarily, I confronted various difficulties from my non-permanent parents. At that age, it was lamentable that I came up short on the jargon to build sentences. I found that I made some hard memories to put forth significant sentences paying little mind to the attempt I put to expound on my resentment and the encount ers I experienced at home. This issue uncovered my constrained aptitudes in language proficiency since it was obvious enough that I battled to consolidate vocabularies to make sentences and joining them to shape a decent passage. This circumstance was disheartening to me yet I needed to do it routinely so I could set up my capability in language and develop to be a decent peruser and author later in my life. Later on, I would attempt to propel my composing abilities through expounding on the things in my family that incensed me and in that manner, I had the option to mitigate myself of the failure I experienced.... I found the significance of these abilities throughout my life yet tragically I had no spot or devices to encourage the improvement fitness in language. In my young adulthood, I began to build up my language education abilities however ordinarily, I confronted various difficulties from my non-permanent parents. At that age, it was terrible that I needed jargon to develop sentences. I found that I made some hard memories to put forth significant sentences paying little heed to the attempt I put to expound on my displeasure and the encounters I experienced at home. This issue uncovered my restricted abilities in language education since it was clear enough that I battled to join vocabularies to make sentences and consolidating them to frame a decent section. This circumstance was disheartening to me yet I needed to do it consistently so I could set up my fitness in language and develop to be a decent peruser and essayist later in my life. As an understudy in school, I have found the si gnificance of perusing since I have numerous volumes that I have to experience to accomplish what I have to achieve a degree. Through this experience, I find the amount I have to have what it takes to maintain a strategic distance from the negative effect of their need on my presentation while in school. I likewise found that my composing aptitudes are beneath the normal for an understudy at the same time, rather than getting disheartened by this, I feel spurred to create them with the goal that I can accomplish my fantasy about writing a book about my life committed to all ladies. Despite the fact that I have invested considerable energy, I have confirmed that my composing aptitudes are not up to norm and along these lines, I keep on building up my abilities in perusing and composing, to develop in jargon. My experiences as a youngster sabotaged my endeavor to learn and

Bad Effect of Pro-Wrestling on on Teens and Adolscents Essay -- essays

The news that an eight-year-old kid had battered a classmate to death while re-sanctioning the US World Wrestling Federation TV arrangement, came as a stun to all the guardians. The catastrophe therefore electrifies the individuals into checking on their relations with the TV and set a few cutoff points on review of T.V. on their kids. Four eight-year-old young men - Tom, Eric, William and James - didn't come to class after lunch and ran into a disconnected spot. At that point they isolated into two gatherings. While two of them , one from each side stood aside the other two got into a battle with blows and kicks on whatever pieces of the body, Eric and James jumped on one another. In no time, James fell on the ground draining bountifully through mouth and nose. In any case, determined, Eric jumped on him again and tallied till five-at long last crushing his rival. It was the last blow that James lay dead on the ground while the triumphant gathering chuckling proudly. Meanwhile Tom h ollered to James to get up and battle however no profit. It at that point unfolded to him that something out of order had occurred. James was dead. Wrestling had made irreproachable and guiltless James be dead. Watching proficient wrestling on T.V. energizes forceful conduct in teenagers. The youngsters search or admire the broad communications to perceive what makes a genuine man or a lady. The recurrence of watching wrestling is straightforwardly connected to the conduct of youngsters. Likewise, the language and the viciousness utilized in it impacts the teenager guys and females. Initially, the adolescents admire the broad communications (the big names) to discover the icon attributes of a man or a lady and attempt to duplicate them. One regular thing that I have seen among my companions ,which huge numbers of you I am certain probably seen as well, that when asked in... ...stitch to a hazardous way. By perusing till the finish of my considerations, you should be persuaded at this point watching proficient wrestling on T.V. energizes forceful conduct in adolescents. We as a whole realize that youngsters are effectively affected and formed into any shape, yet on the off chance that this delicate brain is presented to viciousness like wrestling, it begins to embrace and establish it. The all the more wrestling they watch, the more they are occupied with unsatisfactory conduct. However, the discussion over the impact of genius wrestling programming on teenagers is a long way from terminating, we should monitor what goes into our heart by method of our eyes, ears and cerebrum, and survey what we see on the TV. List of sources DuRant, Robert H., PhD Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children's Hospital, Winston-Salem, North Carolina-AUGUSTA FREE PRESS Wake timberland University (look into) Wellbeing Day News, Monday, August 7, 2006

Mental Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Emotional well-being Promotion - Essay Example In addition, results accomplished by practicing these exercises have additionally been fundamentally assessed in the light of proof based backings. So as to guarantee privacy the creator has assumed the patient name as â€Å"Tomas†. The Data Protection Act (1998) states, â€Å"Nurses must secure patient’s protection and Confidentiality.† The NHS Plan (2000) features that secrecy must be guaranteed during a patient’s evaluation. As per NMC (2008), guaranteeing a person’s secrecy gives you regard. Psychological wellness is the passionate versatility which empowers us to appreciate life and to endure torment, frustration and misery. It is a positive feeling of prosperity and a fundamental faith in out own nobility and worth (Health Education Authority, 2000). Psychological well-being Promotion has a wide scope of wellbeing and social advantages including expanded passionate flexibility, improved physical wellbeing investment, higher efficiency and more prominent social incorporation (Department of Health, 2001). Cattan and Tilford (2006) took a gander at psychological well-being advancement as the way toward upgrading the limit of people to assume responsibility for their lives and improve their emotional wellness. It utilizes techniques that encourage strong conditions and individual flexibility, while indicating regard for value, social equity, interconnections and individual pride. Emotional wellness advancement is an umbrella term that covers an assortment of systems, all targeting positively affecting psychological well-being. Wellbeing is a condition of complete mental, physical and social prosperity, and not just the nonattendance of illness or ailment. The Department of wellbeing (2001) depicted mental prosperity as being affected by numerous variables including hereditary legacy, youth encounters, life occasions, singular capacity to adapt and levels of social help, just as components like satisfactory lodging, business, money related security and access to suitable human services. Mann, et al (2004) considered the emphasis on confidence as the center component of emotional well-being advancement and the productive reason for a wide range approach. As per Department of wellbeing (2001) emotional well-being advancement fills in as three levels pertinent to the entire populace. People are reinforced through the advancement of confidence, life and adapting aptitudes for instance, conveying and connections. Networks are reinforced, through expanding social consideration and investment, improving neighborhood situations, creating wellbeing and social administrations which bolster psychological wellness. Standard one of the National Service Framework for psychological wellness means to guarantee that wellbeing and social administrations advance emotional well-being and decrease the segregation and social rejection related with psychological well-being issues (Barker 2003). As indicated by the National Se rvice Framework (NSF, 1999) standard one psychological wellness advancement expresses that wellbeing and social administrations, ought to advance emotional wellness for all, working with people and networks, The NSF was established to guarantee quality and the standard of care all through the administration. NMC (2008) states that medical caretakers have an obligation to mind and bolster individuals in thinking about themselves to improve and advance their wellbeing. So as to convey this consideration a comprehension of emotional wellness and psychological wellness genius

How to Build and Manage an Online Community

How to Build and Manage an Online Community Online communities bring together people from across the globe to share their experiences and expertise. They are vibrant, multi-dimensional and take social interaction to a new level. For people who create and manage such communities, the main source of satisfaction comes from watching their creation thrive and succeed.This is not the only motivation: creators of online community derive pleasure from the power and influence that they get from creating, managing and controlling a group of people, the fame and status that comes with it and the sense of belonging that community participation brings. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comThis article discusses online communities and examines them in detail to see how effective they are for businesses. It covers the following areas: 1) an introduction to online communities, 2) evolution and history of online communities, 3) benefits of online communities, 4) creating an online community, 5) tools for online community management, and 6) a conclusion.INTRODUCTION TO ONLINE COMMUNITYHuman beings are social creatures, and we need to interact with other human beings to be able to survive. This is the reason why we form groups and look to connect with other humans on some level.1) What Is a Community?A community can be described as a group of people or a social unit that comes together and connects to each other to share some common interest or value. Communities can be based upon geographical area, interests, ideas, location or area, religion, beliefs, hobbies or any other thing that is common to a group of people. Communities can be big o r small, and can be confined to a small area or spread across the globe.2) What Is an Online Community?With the advent of the internet, more people have started to socialize and create communities in the virtual world. The rules of the game remain the same; these communities draw together people who share a common idea or interest. The difference is that these are created by users of the internet, and provide a cohesive unit for the people who use the internet. Since the online community is not confined by geographical constraints, the members of the community are spread across the globe. The communication within the community is through the means provided by the internet that include instant messaging, email, online forums, BBMs, social media, etc.3) Online Community Is not Social Media (Difference Between Social Networks and Online Community)People often consider social networks like Twitter or Facebook to be an online community. But this is not true, social networking and online communities are two distinct parts of the whole called Social Media. Social networking is not the same as an online community. The two share some common features, but their nature and functions are different. They both depend on the internet for their existence. People converge and form groups, find information and share things in both social networking sites and online communities. The similarities end there.All social networks are formed of people you know or have met, or are people who are connected to someone within your social group. These people are your family, friends, acquaintances, and friends of friends, etc. People join social networks to stay in touch with each other, maintain relationships and forge new connections or relationships and to expand the social network. This is how sites like Facebook, Linkedin, Twitter, etc. work. A person can form only one social network. It is extremely difficult to have multiple identities on the social network, as it is such a personal interaction.Online communities, on the other hand, consist of people from various walks of life and seem to be totally unrelated to each other. The only commonality between the people of an online community seems to be their area of interest. It is their shared ideas, interests, professions that bring people together to form a community. The members join in because they wish to share, contribute and learn from one another. Some members contribute, while others benefit from the collective knowledge shared within the community. Since people have many different interests and goals, an individual can be a part of several online communities at a time.Given the nature of the two, social networks, and online communities can be targeted by businesses for different results.EVOLUTION AND HISTORY OF ONLINE COMMUNITIESThe first form of communication using the internet was the e-mail developed by ARPAnet in 1972; these were person to person communications. Multiple messages that could be sent t o multiple users took time in developing and became possible only in the 1980’s when a graphical user interface came into existence. The first online social communities appeared with BBM services. After this, many other social interaction services appeared which include Usenet News, Listservers, etc. Internet Relay Chat, better known as IRC, was developed in 1988, and this was the birth of instant messaging and chat where people could exchange text messages in real time. IRC services included ICQ and AOL. When the World Wide Web was developed in 1991, the internet as we know it now appeared. WWW popularized the net and facilitated the creation and existence of online communities. The first of these communities were fueled by online games such as Doom, Everquest, Quest, etc. Now the internet communities have evolved to encompass all areas of interest and knowledge. With the introduction of VOIP, video streaming, images, and sounds, the online communities have expanded into all area s of our lives. Smart devices have made the communities even more dynamic and accessible to its members, who can now interact with the community anywhere, on the go. More people are joining in, and the nature of the communities is changing every day.BENEFITS OF ONLINE COMMUNITIES FOR COMPANIESWhen it comes to businesses and companies, creating or participating in online communities can be very profitable. Having an online community is as good as having an extension of your marketing team, which can reach out to hundreds, if not thousands of customers. These customers act as motivators for your business and make positive contributions to the community. It provides the business an opportunity to promote itself and interact with its customers, and provides them with tailor-made experiences. It enables companies to:Understand their customers and what they want better.Find potential customers and interact with the community to increase conversions.Research what products and services the customers desire and provide tailor-made solutions.Gather market intelligence, analyze it and implement it in future activities.Build brands and reputation for the company.Induce discussion and debate about products and services provided by the company and any new products that are being introduced. The discussions within the community inform and familiarize people with the new products and its benefits, without the company having to sell hard.Enhance its content reach.Increase its customer loyalty.Improve its customer care services and reduce the number of queries and support calls that the company receives. It increases customer satisfaction and encourages knowledge sharing.CREATING AN ONLINE COMMUNITYBuilding an online community is not an easy task. It takes a lot of dedication, patience, and hard work to create a successful community. A community provides a platform for interaction amongst the members as well as between the members and the administrators of the community. Having a community that is dedicated to your business is the easy part, but keeping the community thriving and growing requires inputs from the administrators as well as members of the community. Let us take a look at the process involved in creating, maintaining and expanding community.1) How to Start Creating an Online CommunityWhen you start creating an online community, you need to keep in mind that the community is completely dependent on internet. So you need to ensure that the community is one that can be easily accessed by the maximum number of people. You may need to take into account the internet speed, which is not the same for everyone. Some have high-speed internet while others struggle with very slow speeds. The community has to cater to both kinds of members. International communities that are spread across the globe also have to take into consideration the time zones and availability of the members. Before you begin, you have to decide whether you wish to create a private community where the membership is restricted, or a public community where anyone can join.To build a community you have to do the following:Determine a purpose or goal for it.Decide who your target audience will be.Design the site keeping in mind the tools for interaction and the structure of your community.Decide upon the manner in which you will host the community.Create the community using tools available.Create interesting content for the community.Invite or attract members to join your community.Administer it properly so that the community flourishes and expands.2) Who Can Participate in a CommunityOnline communities exist because people have a common interest and knowledge, which they wish to share with other interested people. Anyone who is interested in the theme or purpose of an online community can participate in it. The motivation to join may be to gain knowledge, conduct research, share ideas, social interaction and more. If there is a strong motivating factor and the de sire to socialize, a person can join an online community. Some of these communities are private, and people may need invitations to join up. Most online communities are public communities, and anyone with sufficient interest can participate. There are many different types of communities online for people to join.Types of Online CommunitiesAny community is bound together by some common factors. These factors determine the type of community that is available online. The five main categories based upon common factors are:Interest: People who share common interests or passions come together to form a community.Place: People are brought together by geographical areas.Practice: Profession or practicing certain activities is a binding factor of such communities.Ideology: People aspiring to the same humanitarian or global goal and following ideologies to bring about a change come together in such communities.Circumstances: People are brought together by circumstances or external forces.With in these five groups we have various other categories which include:Family Groups: These are communities where families and extended families get together to share news, views, and happenings.Role Playing: This is for role players, where people dress up and behave like a character from a comic or mythology. This is a growing trend.Medical Support Group: These groups are organized around the common theme of medical problems, especially major illnesses like cancer. People suffering from similar medical problems come together in such communities.Ethnic Group: These communities are based on ethnicity. People belonging to a particular ethnic group come together to share their lives.Travel Communities: Travelers form communities to share tips, reviews, and off-beat things to do and places to visit.Professional Groups: These communities are organized by profession. People following a certain profession or interested in it come together to share insights, new developments, tips, etc.Special Interest Groups: These communities could be organized along any common interest. It could be sharing the same space, living similar lives, sharing same ideologies or philosophy, etc.Creative Sharing Groups: These communities attract creative people who share their work and guide each other towards greater skills development.Geographically Related Groups: Formed along geographical lines, people belonging to a particular geographical area from these communities.Collaborative Groups: When a group of people is jointly involved in doing something and collaborating together, they form a collaborative community.Hobby Groups: People who are interested in a particular craft or hobby form a community where they can share tips and tricks with each other.DIY groups: There is a growing group of DIY enthusiasts. These communities are formed on the common interest of DIY techniques and projects.Relationship Groups: These communities could be created by corporations, businesses and companies to cr eate a stronger relationship with their customers. These could also be created so that people could search for other people who are interested in having a relationship can come together and interact.These are only some of the types of communities that are present on the internet. There are thousands of communities covering practically all the topics and interests that people can share.3) Reach out to PeopleThe most important part of community building is reaching out to people. Unless people know that an online community exists that can be of value to them, they will not join in. The most important ways to reach out to people is through the following tools:EmailNewsgroupsChatsMessage BoardsPhoneIn personOther means include using good content, initiating interesting dialogues and discussions to attract people to your community. If you try and recruit a certain number of people every day, soon your community will be thriving and growing on its own. But there are few people who make th at effort. Most community managers cannot sustain the effort beyond the initial flush.4) Promote ItA community, like any other organization, business or company, benefits through publicity and marketing. Traditional tools of marketing and promotion apply to virtual communities too. Below is a list of such tools:Conventional advertisements are a good way of introducing your community to the world;Use Banner Ads and pay per click advertisement campaigns;Write blogs and engage in social media promotion;Use SEO;Create a website;Use Social media to talk about your community;Use email campaigns to promote your community;Use your professional and personal network to augment your presence and promote your community;Participate in other similar communities and generate interest about yourself and your community;Create offline events to engage your community members and meet them personally;Use incentives like giveaways, contests, and online events to generate and sustain interest;Constantly post interesting content on your site;Use technology to keep the community members in touch with the happenings, news and views of the community.5) Manage ItManaging an online community is much like managing any offline community. A community consists of many different people with different personalities, motivations and values. All these have to be taken into consideration when administering a community. During the initial stages, the community needs a lot of inputs from the administrators. The new members have to be initiated into the community and have to be guided through the onboarding process. Once the community is established, the interventions of the founders and administrators lessen, and soon the community is thriving and sustaining itself. The interactions between members develop on their own and keep the community growing.5.1 Who Is a Community Manager and What Does He Do?Any person who administers a community is the community manager. There can be one or many managers i n a community. Community managers are also called administrators. Their job changes as the community grows and expands. At various stages of the community, its manager has to wear a number of hats and be a leader, a content manager, moderator, promoter and advocate, mediator, and an analyst for the community.The main work of the admins or community managers includes:Inviting new members and once they join, welcoming them. Taking the new members through the onboarding process, familiarizing them with the community, its rules and regulations.Helping create relationships between members, introducing new members to other members, and promoting certain members who they feel might benefit the community.Identifying the key members and influencers of the community and initiating a better relationship with them in order to enhance the growth and influence of the community.Once the community is thriving, one of the key duties of the manager is moderating the community and ensuring that the me mbers adhere to the rules; also initiating and encouraging topics that they want the community to discuss and steering the conversations toward these topics.Creating new content, running campaigns and contests and organizing events for the community. Creating content that is original and search engine optimized, creating brand value and generating leads for a business or the community.Finding ways to respond to certain community discussions and helping to address the needs of the cross-section of people who comprise the community.Expanding the community using social media to increase the member base, if necessary. So a community manager has to be well versed in social media and other tools of promotion.Creating reports and measurements regarding the community’s performance and its ROI.Gathering inputs and suggestions from the members and implementing them into the community.5.2 Qualities of a Good Online Community ManagerNot everyone is cut out to be a good community manager. It t akes certain qualities for a person to be a good and effective manager. The qualities of a good manager include:Some college education, though it is not an essential if the person has other important qualities like ability to communicate properly.Great communication skills is important as a community manager is the face of the community, and this face needs to be able to gel and communicate with the community enough to lead it effectively.Good leadership skills are another thing to look for. People will only follow and congregate around a strong leader, which is what a community requires.Sound judgment to be able to decide what content and topic to introduce and share with the community.Emotionally mature and able to empathize with the various members of the community and forge a strong bond amongst them. Should be able to give and take criticism positively.Dedicated worker who is willing to work all hours of the day and night and is available to break important developments and new s to the community 24/7.Passionate about their work and their beliefs.Being detail oriented so that nothing escapes the sharp eyes of the manager.Should be creative and adaptable.Needs to be level-headed and patient.Should have an analytical ability. Should know analytical tools intimately and how to extract information from them to steer the community in the right direction.Be able to work independently and make critical decisions quickly.Be a problem solver.5.3 How to Manage an Online CommunityManaging an online community especially if it is created around a brand or a product requires careful thinking and planning. It also requires active involvement of the community manager. The things to pay attention to while managing a community include:Finding a purpose to keep the community together. It is important to have a clear goal with which the members are aligned.Constantly remind the members of the purpose of the community through emails, communications, blogs, chats, etc.Use good content that is relevant to the purpose of the community to keep the interest level high. Encourage the members to create and post content and initiate dialogue and discussion.Have patience; it takes a while for a community to take off.Be friendly and approachable to the members.Do not be afraid to kick out members who do not adhere to the community guidelines, are trolls, or like to create dissension.6) Encourage ParticipationIn order to have a thriving and vibrant community, it is important to encourage participation by the members. Successful community builders do not build communities for entities that exist in cyberspace, but they create communities keeping in mind that there are real people behind the community handles and that these people have real needs, feelings, emotions, desires, aspirations, etc. It is imperative to understand that people are not alike; they each have their different perceptions and personalities. While encouraging participation, community managers need to keep in mind that not all members in a community will participate in an equal manner. In any community, the participation is as follows:A majority of members never participate. They observe and read but rarely post comments or contribute to the community. These types of members are called lurkers and constitute 90% of users.Some of the members read, observe and comment, but not very often. These members only comment occasionally. These members constitute 9% of users.Most of the comments and contributions are made by only 1% of the members of any community. It is from this 1% that all the leaders and influencers of the community can be identified.Based on the types of behavior observed we can categorize the members of any community in the following categories:Public: Anyone who is looking for some information or answers.Subscriber: Person who signs up for a newsletter, email or other such services provided by a community.Prospect: A person who shows interest in a community and wa nts more information or details about the community and downloads extra information.Customer /Member: A person who joins the community and becomes a member either by buying something connected to the community or signing up to become a member.Loyalist: A member who is loyal to a brand or community.Advocate: A person who will advocate for the community and promote it.TOOLS FOR COMMUNITY MANAGEMENTCommunity managers have several tools available to them to manage their online communities. These include:Swayy.co â€" Content searching and sharing tools that allow you to search for content on the internet, share it and also display analytics about the relevance of the article to your community.Scoop.it â€" Content curating and publishing tool.RebelMouse.com â€" Digital publishing platform that allows content to be published across sites, apps, and social media.Paper.li â€" Content curating and publishing tools that automatically collect and share content on the internet.Storify.com â€" Al lows users to create stories or timelines on social media.Hootsuite â€" A dashboard tool that lets users schedule messages and manage social media, etc. from one single interface or dashboard.Sprout Social â€" Social media management and collaboration platform for community and social media managers.Bitly â€" Shortens links and provides community managers insights about links.These are only some of the most popular tools that are used by content and community managers. Other tools include Google Analytical, Demographics Pro, Tweepi, Tweetdeck, Flipboard, etc.CONCLUSIONAs you can see from what has been discussed above, online communities are powerful tools for brand building and promotion for any company and its products or services. Not all communities are successful; sustained effort is needed to make a community successful. One of the biggest myths about community building is that the larger the community, the more successful it will be. This is not true of all communities. People prefer to interact in smaller groups or networks and often leave larger communities in favor of smaller, more intimate groups, and this is why a bigger community is not a mark of its success. A community is constantly evolving and follows a certain lifecycle. You have to be aware of the stage your community is at, to be able to manage it successfully.

Analysis of An Essay on Man - Literature Essay Samples

The assertion of the first epistle of Popes â€Å"An Essay on Man† is that man has too narrow a perspective to truly understand Gods plan, and his goal is to â€Å"vindicate the ways of God to man† (Pope 16). The ignorance of man befits his place in the order of creation, and his confusion conceals the harmony of that order. The individual lines of this epistle appear to present a fatalistic universe, devoid of free will, where all things are fated to happen. Although if the work is viewed as a whole, Popes optimism shows through. Pope begins by explaining that he can only comment on what can be known by man. â€Å"Through worlds unnumbered though the God be known,/Tis ours to trace him only in our own† (1.21-22). Even though the universe my hold many worlds, only Earth can be known to man. It is the only frame of reference that Pope could write about, and his audience be made to understand. He advises his readers to put aside their hubris and consider â€Å"Is the great chain, that draws all to agree,/And drawn supports, upheld by God or thee?† (1.33-34). Only after man puts aside his ego and contemplates â€Å"the great chain,† will he be able to understand his place in Gods plan. By saying, â€Å"Then say not mans imperfect, Heaven in fault;/Say rather, mans as perfect as he ought† (2.69-70), Pope is trying to illustrate that even perceived imperfection is part of the plan. Human imperfection should not be seen as a slight by God, but as a necessity. The epistle also states, â€Å"What future bliss, he gives not thee to know,/But gives that hope to be thy blessing now† (3.93-94), showing that human happiness is dependent on both hope and ignorance of the future. Mankind should not spend all its time trying to guess what God has planned, but merely have faith that life shall work out the way it should. Pope shows his contempt for mans pride by stating, â€Å"Snatch from his hand the balance and the rod,/Redjudge his justice, be the God of God!/In pride, in reasoning pride, our error lies† (4.121-123). Man is unwise to think that his ability to reason puts him on the same level as God, â€Å"And who but wishes to invert the laws/Of order, sins against the Eternal Cause† (4.129-130). This hubris is what leads to mans unhappiness, because â€Å"to reason right is to submit† (5.164). If God is a perfect being, then man should accept that perfection and not question the direction the universe takes. By stating, â€Å"the first Almighty Cause/Acts not by partial, but by general laws† (5.145-146), Pope is trying to make his readers understand that humans are not the whole of creation, and creation was not created wholly for them. There is an order to creation, where each position is filled by the correct life form. Man is where he should be in â€Å"the great chain† and should not envy the beasts below him or question God above. â€Å"The bliss of man [†¦]/Is not to act or think beyond mankind/No powers of body or of soul to share,/But what his nature and his state can bear† (6.189-192). This acceptance of creation is the key to mans happiness, and that happiness is threatened by mans ability to think and reason. â€Å"Where, one step broken, the great scales destroyed:/From Natures chain whatever link you strike,/Ten or ten thousandth, breaks the chain alike† (8.244-246). So if one rises above or falls below their position in Gods order, it will destroy the whole of the plan. It then becomes clear that wanting to subvert Gods plan, even to the benefit of mankind, is madness. Instead man should come to understand â€Å"All are but parts one stupendous whole,/Whose body Nature is, and God the soul† (9.265-266). So, one should not fear or doubt, but admit they are powerless and accept their place in creation. Although Popes language is harsh and seemingly fatalistic, a critical reading of the first epistle to â€Å"An Essay on Man† shows his optimism in Gods plan. Pope appears to believe that not only does God have a plan, but that plan serves the best interest of the whole of creation. Just because man has difficulties accepting his place in the plan, does not mean the plan is flawed, merely that man must accept that he is not the sole beneficiary. After all, â€Å"One truth is clear: Whatever is, is right† (10.292). Works Cited Pope, Alexander. â€Å"An Essay on Man.† Eds. Paul Davis, et al. The Bedford Anthology of World Literature. Book 4. Boston: Edford/St. Martins, 2003. 260-267. Print.